Tuesday, January 25, 2011

NUTRITIOUS FRUITS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Adapted from Naga Cebu Website

Nutritious Fruits of the Philippines

Organic farmers home grown fresh produce are widely and extensively widespread all over the Philippines. The abundance of unlimited retail places designated for vendors, in the market place. Market shoppers can enjoy the full service of vendors selling fresh fruits and vegetables.

Fresh fruits and vegetables provide us a web of health benefits. Providing us detoxification products, cleanse and fuel our body with  nourishments. Eating healthily gives you valuable sources of energy, in sustaining the quality of your life. Healthy living meant healthy eating choices. Fruit and vegetable consumption is your vessel of protection against sickness and harmful diseases. Every type of colorful fruits and vegetables contains various sources of beneficial health nutrients.


Identify the vital sources of nutrition, by these following nutritious fruits listed below.


Mango – great sources of vitamin A, C and D. Mango, from its delectable fleshy cheeks bedazzle our eyes from green to orangey pink with blush of deep red and when totally ripe, bright yellow. One of the best tasting fruits ever. Everything are in it taste and texture. Philippine mango taste so good, we are obviously smitten by its succulent sweetnes and invigorating scents. Eaten bursting with ripeness, nibbling and gnawing gloriously is refreshing. Mango is rich in anti-oxidants. Eating mango protect your vision. Imported mango from various countries is available in Netherland, but quality-wise not as good as our very own Philippine mango. No wonder, mango still provokes our appetite. Delicious!

mango

mango

mango


Banana – sources of vitamin A and carotene, vitamin C and B6. A high source in potassium, maintain blood pressure level. Variety of bananas are grown in the Philippines, these varieties differ in sizes, shapes and colors. Ideal for snack are the cooking banana (saba and gardaba) for banana cue and boiled banana. Daily consumption are known to protect against cardiovascular disease and chronic disease, also preventive measures against diabetes.  Luckily, abundant supply of bananas are available all-throughout the year. The widely known Del Monte and Dole bananas imported globally from the Philippines. 


banana

Pineapple – an exceptional source of vitamin B, C, thiamine and dietary fiber. The juicy sweetness of this vibrant fruit is tenderly sweet with its texture, so delicious! Pineapple juice is a refreshing fruit drink. High traces of minerals (manganese) and enzymes beneficial for energy build-up and its high anti-oxidants content will disarm free radicals. A large percentage earned for this agricultural product, hence a number of pineapple plantations in the Philippines, being the 2nd largest pineapple plantation in the world. The re-known Del Monte and Dole Fresh Produce and canned products. Del Monte Pineapple Plantation in Bukidnon, Cagayan De Oro, with its 20,000-hectare pineapple plantation in the Philippines, 700,000-ton processing and manufacturing production. Del Monte operates the worlds largest pineapple operation, growing and processing of more than 80 years. Del Monte launched range of International del Monte products including Fruit Drinks, Packaged Fruits and Preserves, Sauces and Ketchup. Del Monte Food Products and Fresh Produce is the best known product brands globally.  Polomolok, South Cotabato 12,000 hectares pineapple plantation is home to Dole Philippines. Large part of Dole's pineapple products comes from the Philippines.

pineapple

Calamansi--Lime (dalandan/ lemonsito/agridolce)  I love it. A small rounded fruit, about 2 to 3 cm. in diameter.  Calamansi  juice, a popular drink for healthy minded people. Besides being a refreshing, nourishing  and nutritious citrus drink, calamansi will provide you high content of vitamin C. Best medication for common colds and flu, a replacement for aspirin or pain-relieving tablets. Calamansi is highly rich in ‘’kinine’’ a well-known factor that can lower down fever. Also helps blood circulation and normalize digestion.  Drinking between 3 to 6 glass of calamansi juice per day keeps the doctor away. A great repellant   for insect bites, it takes the itch away. Depending on how you want it, squeeze 10 pieces of calamansi in a glass and mix with desired water. Calamansi used as a flavoring for various food preparations like steak and fish. Squeeze over your noodles (pansit) grilled fish (sinugba) and pickled fish (kinilaw) Mixing calamansi with soy sauce is a great dipping sauce. Also used as a secret ingredient for beverages, purees and concentrates. Calamansi is widely known in Philippines as a front yard or backyard tree. 


calamansi
Avocado –housed as the best source of vitamin E. An essential vitamin in maintaining your health.. Research study say, avocado is important in preventing aging and heart disease. Avocados have more carotene and than any other fruit, protect against cataracts and eye diseases. Avocado is similar to olive oil destroys pre-cancerous and cancerous cells, leaving healthy cells unharmed. Avocado helps lower cholesterol.

avocado

avocado

Jackfruit—Langka or Nangka, considered the largest and biggest fruit (depending on variety of jackfruit) can weigh up from 30 to 35 kilos of up to 34 inches long and 15 inch in diameter. The outer skin is either yellow or green when ripe. It has a tempting smell on its own just like mango and pineapple. Jackfruit contains vitamins and minerals, sources such as vitamin A, C, B1, B2, B6 and potassium. When eaten, it will instantly revitalize your body and replenished your energy. Jackfruit has its own natural sweetness. Protect against prostate, colon, heart, endometrial, pancreatic and lung cancer. Eating fresh jackfruit is an excellent source of magnesium, potassium and iron. Control heart rate and blood pressure. 

Najackfruit

jackfruit
 

Lanzones,  contains vatamins C and E, a good source of powerful antioxidants properties.  I’m intrigue with this fruit. With my list of Philippine fruits, Lanzones is one of them. Abundant from September to November. The texture of this translucent meat once peeled has distinctive tasty flavor. Lanzones is sweet and taste good, depending on quality and ripeness. The bigger size Lanzones has got a slightly bitter seed, whereas the smaller size gives you a lot of meat and the seeds is seemingly soft and not bitter. I guess I can eat a quarter kilo of lanzones in one setting.

lanzones

lanzones
 

Papaya –a long pear shape fruit (some variety are rounded in shape) Papaya’s sweet juicy flesh is either red or golden yellow when ripe. Papaya is rich in vitamin A, B, C, E, minerals and fiber. The enzyme of papaya helps aid digestive problems. The unripe papaya is used in cooking (hmmm....the tempting aroma of chicken soup with cut-up papaya & lemon grass or tanglad/tangad) Shredded unripe papaya are made into pickles (achara or kinilaw papaya goes well with lechon) Extracts of papaya are used by cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Papaya is also a key ingredient for soaps, shampoos, lotions etc.

papaya

papasya

Chicos –(Sapodilla) packed with vitamin C, E and fiber. I consider this lovely delicious fruit as one of my favorite. In fact, another special fruit, to satisfy my cravings. The smooth light brown skin of Chicos is shapely attractive, eye -catching fruit. Fully ripe is amazingly sweet and juicy with a nice fragrant. Chicos is great for snack or desserts. 

chicos

chicos


Guava – dubbed as the ‘’Superfruit’’ is an anti-aging fruit, it keeps skin glowing and wrinkle free. Guava is the richest source of vitamin C more than orange. Guava provides 160 mg of vitamin C while orange just 69 mg of vitamin C. Rich in vitamin A, C, B3, potassium and magnesium. Guava has the highest concentration of antioxidant to fight prostate cancer. Guava taste similar to a pear. Guava, also has anti-histamine properties, protects the skin from hives as well as eczema. It purifies the blood and lowers down cholesterol levels. Prevent asthma problems. Guava keeps your weight down and prevents obesity. 

guava

guava

guava

Watermelon—has a great source of vitamin A, C and B6. Watermelon, completely packed with all the nutrients your body needs. Practically all vitamins and minerals are in it. For snack, much better eating a serving or slices of watermelon, rather than chocolate chip cookies, cakes and other junkfoods.  

watermelon

Mangosteen --Mangostan, The Forbidden Fruit (The Queen of Fruits) because of its elegant look. Mangosteen, contains a wholesome food nutrients of vitamins and antioxidants, including vitamin A, C, D and E. The white soft flesh pulp is in segments just like orange. According to research, Mangosteen fresh fruit and its own juice is very helpful in preventing diseases such as: heart disease, Alzheimer disease, diabetes, cancer, diarrhea, eczema and other health problems. 

mangosteen

Carambola—Star Fruit (Balimbing or Garnati) A lovely looking attractive fruit. Once sliced, resembles exactly like a 5 pointed star. The exotic look of Carambola, adds a beautiful setting in the fresh produce section in supermarkets (imported from Asia, it is available in Netherlands) Unripe skin is lime green then to bright yellow when ripe. Carambola, contains high source of vitamin C, potassium and also rich in dietary fiber. A refreshing crispy juicy fruit eaten with peeling just like apple. Sliced Carambola, are excellent for garnishing for fresh salads, cocktails, cakes, vegetables and fruit trays.

carambola

carambola
 

Rambutan—about 5 cm in diameter is a hairy-skin fruit. Rambutan tree bears fruit from May to September. Good source of vitamin C, calcium, protein and iron. Unripe Rambutan, yellowy-pink in color, ripe color turns to dark red, once sliced the white fleshy meat is very sweet. 

rambutan

rambutan
 

Tambis--Makopa (in Tagalog) called “water apple” fruit, is a bell shape fruit, labeled as a thirst- relieving fruit. Tambis offers substantial source of vitamin C for healthy bones, muscles and teeth. Varieties come in small and larger variety, in white, pink, green and red. Keep in mind, red is the sweetest. The juicy tambis flesh, taste quite similar to a watermelon. Tambis or Makopa tree are everywhere in Philippines.

makopa

makopa


Duhat or Lumboy—Black Plum, oblong to round in shape. Size of duhat fruit is similar to olives or grape, color comes in deep purple or black. Duhat or Lumboy, rich in vitamin B and C. Bear fruits from May to June, which is such a pain-sticking job to harvest, considering you have to hand-picked them. Under the tree is messy leaving a purple stain. Be extra cautious eating them, as it will stain your clothes. The fermented fruits (hard to reach fruits which are right on top of the tree) attracts birds and other insects. 

duhat

duhat

Tamarind— (Sampalok or Sambag) Tamarind, high source in Vitamin D and calcium. Tamarind tree grow up to 20 meters in height with its unique leaves that will close up at night. Tamarind fruit, size varies from 2 to 8 inches long, swirl-curved like a legume. Mature tamarind can be eaten but sour in taste. Fully ripe tamarind, shells are brittle and can be easily crack open with a sticky fiber edible flesh. Tamarind, commonly used to flavor preserves. The tamarind leaves are used as flavoring for fish and meat soup (called sinampalukan soup) Yummy sweet tamarind preserves (tamarindo) Leaves can be used in herbal tea, also  quite an effective remedy for reducing malaria fever outbreak. Leaves and flowers boiled (or dried) medicate swollen joints, boils and sprain muscles. It can be used as antiseptics. Tamarind is an excellent remedy for gastric digestion problems and minor cardiovascular problems. 

tamarind

tamarind

Durian—The King of Fruits, labeled with the name “love it or hate it’’ fruit because of its unusual smell. Anyone will be able to smell the Durian from 60 to 100 meters away. After you consume this fruit, the smell clings in your breath for a while. The smell will remain in your hands virtually for an hour, unless washed properly with soap and hand lotion straight after. Durian is quite big and can weigh between 8 to 10 pounds. The skin is thick and somewhat spiky-sharp. Asians are keen on this fruit. Durian tree bears fruit from May till August. Durian fruit is rich in minerals and protein. 

durian

durian
 

Pomelo -- locally called Suha or Bo-ongon, the largest family member amongst citrus fruits.  Pomelo , an excellent source of vitamin C, potassium and fiber. Pomelo, transparent snow-white flesh is sweet and juicy, depending on variety. Pomelo flesh varies in two colors of white and pink.  Some can be mild in taste. Pomelo fruit is sweet and delectable. Chinese strongly believe that pomelo is a sign of good fortune and prosperity, if eaten regularly good things can happen. Pomelo weigh between 1 and 3 kilo.

pomelo

pomelo
 
Maintaining the quality of life and feeling good about yourself, the essential components of a healthy mind and sound body. Why not? take fruits for snack or dessert.  

FILIPINO VEGETABLES

Adapted from Naga Cebu Website

Health Benefits of Philippine Vegetables


Vegetables and fruits are packed with necessary vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. Fruits and vegetable contain vital nutrients that will combat miracle wonders of life-threatening diseases and illnesses. Daily intake of vegetables and fruits sustain good health and provide enough resistance for occurring diseases.

According to health research, compelling evidence shows that fruits and vegetables enhance the quality and longevity of your life. You owe it to yourself, meant taking extra care of yourself by eating-well and living-well. Healthy eating choices, is the best reward you can give to yourself. Before I go any further, take note vegetables such as: carrots, potatoes, tomatoe, onions and spring onions are available all-throughout the year in the Philippines. Surprise! cauliflower, brocolli etc. are also available in supermarket.


Profile nutritional benefits of the following vegetable: 


malunggay


Malunggay -- Moringga in English ( Malunggay in Tagalog and Kamunggay in Cebuano) Well –documented clinical scientific studies “Malunggay” leaves contains more vitamin C than oranges, more calcium than milk, more potassium than bananas, more iron than spinach and more vitamin A than carrots, excellent source of protein, iron, fiber, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin. Good source of iron, if you have iron deficiency. Malunggay leaves, serve as an anti aging vegetable.  Malunggay is not just an ordinary leafy green vegetable, but is noted scientifically as a ‘’Miracle Vegetable’’.  Malunggay, wide range of purposes is exceptional cure for stomach-ache, indigestion, energy booster, controls blood pressure, headache, diabetes, arthritis, tumors and ulcers. Doctors advise and recommend, to include malunggay in your daily food consumption.  Asians use malunggay leaves frequently. Malunggay goes well with tanglad (lemon grass) infused into a chicken broth, the tempting aroma, is beyond words, I would say….it is so deliciously inviting.  Filipinos love ‘’malunggay’’, they use them in home-cooked meals such as: chicken soup (chicken tinola or tinolang manok)  mongos soup (mung beans soup) as-well-as fish and vegetable soup. Malunggay grows well in the Philippines, a drought-resistant fast growing vegetable that can withstand harsh weather conditions and grows all year round. Every household in Philippines practically plants malunggay in their yards, some plant it as a border plant. Oh! By the way if foreigners will ask me, as to what or how malunggay taste, well it is quite similar to spinach but slightly milder in taste. Malunggay, use as the official logo of the Food and Nutrition Research of the Department of Science and Technology (FNRDST) in the Philippines. 

kangkong

Kangkong – in Tagalog, water spinach or glorybind in English, Tangkong in Cebuano (kankon in Japanese, ong choy in China, ung choi in Cantonese Chinese, toongsin tsoi in Mandarin Chinese) Commonly used vegetable in Filipino dishes (generally in Asia) Kangkong, high source in iron, calcium, vitamin B and C. Mild in flavor, all parts of young kangkong are preferred, edible from the shoot (stem) to the leaves. Great for stir fry meat, soup stews (sinigang kangkong) Strip all the leaves off the stem, slice the stem they go in first for a period of 2 to 3 minutes before adding the leaves. Kangkong also used for salad. Blanch or boil kangkong for 5 minutes….drain add vinegar, calamansi, dash of salt & pepper, onion and tomato. 

cabbage      

Repolyo –Cabbage in English. Cabbage, a substantial source of vitamin A, calcium, antioxidants and fiber, reduces the risk of cancer, strengthens nervous system, excellent source of beta-carotene, therefore good for your vision, heals ulcers, reduces heart disease, rheumatism and skin problems. Cabbage, a rich source of vitamin A, B6, B12, C, E, K, thiamin, niacin and folic acid. Cabbage, also a high source in minerals with the likes of iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, phosphorous, selenium and zinc, keeps you in upbeat spirit because cabbage provides energy. Cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli are of the same vegetable family. Grown for decades, the rapid rise of consumption is staggering. Prioritize, have cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, carrots, cucumber and tomatoes as salad served for serving trays on parties with dips. Especially the fresh famous coleslaw, I love it. Health conscious consumers realize the high nutritional value of these vegetables. 

string beans

Sitaw –Batong in Cebuano, in English, commonly called ‘’String Bean’’ or ‘’Haricots’’ and some people call it ‘’Snap Beans’’. String beans (due to the fact, the fibrous string run all the way down to the green pods seam) Snap Beans (the sound that comes off it, when you ‘’snap’’ the beans in desired sizes for home-cooked meals) Green beans varies in range of sizes ( falls in the same family category of the red kidney beans and black beans ) Yes. The sassy-jazzy- sexy ‘’string beans’’, high source of vitamin A, C, K, iron, fiber, potassium, calcium, magnesium, protein, thiamin, niacin and omega 3. If you are lacking in iron, add beans in your food consumption, also great for menstruating women, pregnant or lactating women. It is advisable to cook beans with care (lose some of its nutrients when over-cooked) as stir-fry, vegetable soup (sinigang in Tagalog, sinangag in Cebuano) Simmering or steaming beans till tender-crisp,  makes them taste good. Beans are available in supermarkets and at your local market near you all-year-round, in Philippines. Choose good quality beans without the blemishes. 

chinese cabbage 

Pechay – in English, Snow Cabbage (Chinese cabbage) a green leafy vegetable widely used in Asian cuisine. Pechay, is Pak Choy or Bok Choy in Chinese high source of vitamin A, C. Good source potassium and fiber. Pechay, lower the risk of breast and colon cancer. Pechay can be prepared in a range of ways stir-fried, steamed, stuffing, steamed and boiled. Pechay is available all-throughout the year. 

squash

Kalabasa – Squash or Pumpkin in English (kalabasa puti and pula in Tagalog, kalbasang puti and puwa in Cebuano) in other words ‘’the red and white squash or pumpkins’’ are in the same family of watermelons and cucumber. Squash is an excellent source of beta-carotene which is vitamin A and high source of vitamin C, B, calcium and iron. According to medical studies, squash flowers contain ‘’lutein’’ that prevents cataract. There are a variety of ways to enjoy a squash dish. Nowadays, squash is not only used for cooking but served in pies and soup in cafes, restaurants etc. Abundant and grown in the Philippines all-throughout the year, thrives well in tropical climate. The increasing demand, makes farmers produce squash in Philippines for commercial sale. Great for cooking like ‘’ginisang kalabasa’’ (stir-fried squash with various vegetables) with lean pork cut into cubes. The delicious mashed-potato-squash dish. From autumn till winter houses in Holland, household create a basket full of squash/pumpkins in various sizes, shapes, colors as a display in kitchen counter tops, terrace, lounge table tops, corner table tops, terrace and banister in the front door entrance of the house. 


ampalaya

Ampalaya –  inTagalog (Paleya in Cebuano) In English it is called Bitter Melon, Bitter Gourd or Balsam Pear.  Bitter Melon known for its health benefits for so many years. Bitter Melon is a member of squash family. Ampalaya, rich in vitamin A, iron, vitamin B1, B2, B3,C, fiber, calcium, potassium and magnesium. Westerners (particularly foreigners who are planning a trip to the Philippines) may not like or not being able to take the bitter taste of ampalaya. In fact, some Filipinos don’t like it, but still eat it because of its valuable healthful benefits. Ampalaya consumption a day or two a week stabilize high-blood pressure and help prevents infection. To lessen bitterness of ampalaya, cut in half and discard fibrous core and seeds out of the flesh. To offset the bitter taste of ampalaya, thinly sliced it and pre-boil it for minutes, drain/sieve, squeezed and wash thoroughly with water….you then cooked it as desired. Ampalaya can be stir-fried (ginisang ampalaya with shrimp or ginisang ampalaya with lean pork cut in bite size cubes.) stuffed or pickled. Consume only a small serving of ampalaya, too much may cause stomach discomfort to some people.  

eggplant

Talong – Eggplant in English, Aubergine in France (tawong in Cebuano) Eggplant, a smooth-shiny-glossy vegetable (known as nightshades) related to the family vegetable of potato, sweet pepper and tomato. It comes in variety of sizes, shape, and color deep-purple-reddish, green, white and even orange. Eggplant is available throughout the year and varieties slightly differ in taste and texture, they hang from the vines just like tomato. Eggplant--provide fiber, antioxidants, potassium, manganese, vitamin B1, B3 and magnesium. Eggplant is widely used in Asian and Western cuisines. Commonly used in Philippines in vegetable soup (sinigang) stir-fried, pickled (kinilaw) or stuffed eggplant with tomato and cheese. To name a few eggplant dish: Italy’s ‘’melanzane alla parmigiana’’ French “ratatouille’’ Greek ‘’melitzanosalata’’ and variety of eggplant lasagna recipes, stuffed eggplant with your desired ingredients. How about eggplant stuffed with tomato and parmesan cheese? 

okra 

Okra –known as the ‘’lady’s fingers’’ called ‘’gumbo’’ in U.S. and called ‘’kingombo’’ in Spanish and Dutch, in French called ‘’gombo or bamya’’ Okra, grows well throughout the year in warm tropical climate, even during harsh weather conditions, a drought-heat tolerant vegetable amongst all vegetables. Okra, at their best and must be harvested while young within days to about a week, longer than a week okra taste fibrous, chewy and woody. Okra, contain vitamin A, B, C, iron, fiber and calcium. Flavor and taste of okra is similar between asparagus and eggplant. In Philippines okra is available in supermarkets fresh produce section and at your local market near you. And for all of us living abroad, okra is available in supermarkets, health food stores and markets. Okra can be boiled, used in stews, soup, stir-fried with other vegetables. Asian cuisines used okra for consistency, to thicken stews and soups. 


taro

Gabi/Ube – Taro in English, a root crop vegetable plant, great in soup dish (sinigang in Tagalog, utan in Cebuano) Gabi, a versatile-vegetable (variety of usage) leaves and stalk (stem) are cooked and consumed, used in vegetable soup, meat and fish dish, also use it for some cake recipes. People in Manila are keen on eating a dish called ‘’laing’’ leaves are cook/prepared in coconut milk. Gabi, provides vitamin A, C and calcium. To top it all, the well-known yummy dessert or snack ‘’ginata-an''  in Tagalog, we call it Cebuano ''binignit’’ combining together cut-up gabi/ube, sweet potato, cooking banana  (sab-a or gardaba) sago with fresh coconut milk and brown sugar ( sweetness according to your taste) Not forgetting the the refreshing “halo-halo special’’ has cooked banana and gabi/ube in it along with other fresh fruits. 

sweet potato 

Camote – Sweet Potato in English is a major root crop in the Philippines next to rice, corn, cooking banana and cassava. Camote is rich protein and potassium,  while the yellow flesh variety camote is rich in vitamin A. Camote, keeps your heart healthy therefore prevents  stroke and protects against coronary heart diseases, stomach ulcers and can lessen ‘’gout’’ sufferers. Camote (sweet potato) and sweet potato tops (talbos ng camote) are an excellent remedy for dengue fever. Procedure is easy: boil sweet potato tops (young leaves) or unpeeled sweet potato for 20 to 30 minutes, you then strain the liquid, cool it down and to relieve the pain fast, drink a few cups at a time, you’ll be surprised how fast the pain subsides. Camote provide us health nutrients as well-as medical purposes. Filipinos can relate me regarding the tasty camote cue (fried) and boiled camote for snack. Camote is often used in baking cakes, pies and pudding. 


camote tops

Camote tops –Sweet Potato tops (Talbos ng Camote in Tagalog) Filipinos are familiar with the well-known, nutritious edible leaves of sweet potato tops. Sweet potato tops (leaves) contain vitamin A, iron, calcium, protein, magnesium, zinc and manganese, also high source in potassium and excellent source of antioxidants. Sweet potato tops leaves are used for soup and salad. 

alugbati

Alugbati –in English ‘’Malabar Spinach” or vine spinach. Leaves resemble spinach and taste similar to spinach, when cooked slimy and sticky just like okra, leaves, shoots and stem are eaten and used in soup and stews. Alugbati, contain iron, calcium and antioxidants, vitamin A, B and C. Medical research reveals: mixture of alugbati leaf pulp and a bit of butter, can give a cooling effect in redness of skin when burn or scald during cooking.    


ALL ABOUT FRUITS AND VEGETABLES Part One

Vegetables and Fruits: Get Plenty Every Day

From Harvard School of Health



Variety of fruits and vegetables






Introduction

"Eat your fruits and vegetables" is one of the tried and true recommendations for a healthy diet. And for good reason. Eating plenty of vegetables and fruits can help you ward off heart disease and stroke, control blood pressure, prevent some types of cancer, avoid a painful intestinal ailment called diverticulitis, and guard against cataract and macular degeneration, two common causes of vision loss.
Your Questions Answered - Vegetables and Fruits
Q. What counts as a cup of vegetables and fruits? 
A. For most fresh or cooked vegetables and fruits, 1 cup is just what you would put in a household measuring cup. There are two main exceptions to that rule: For lettuce and other raw leafy greens, you need to eat 2 cups to get the equivalent of 1 cup of vegetables. For dried fruit, you only need to eat ½ cup to get the equivalent of 1 cup of fruit.
Remember—on the Healthy Eating Pyramid, created by the Department of Nutrition at the Harvard School of Public Health, potatoes are not counted as a vegetable, since they are mostly starch and should be used sparingly.
What does "plenty" mean? More than most Americans consume. If you don't count potatoes—which should be considered a starch rather than a vegetable—the average American gets a total of just three servings of fruits and vegetables a day. The latest dietary guidelines call for five to thirteen servings of fruits and vegetables a day (2½ to 6½ cups per day), depending on one's caloric intake. (1) For a person who needs 2,000 calories a day to maintain weight and health, this translates into nine servings, or 4½ cups per day (2 cups of fruit and 2½ cups of vegetables).
Over the past 30 years or so, researchers have developed a solid base of science to back up what generations of mothers preached (but didn't always practice themselves). Early on, fruits and vegetables were acclaimed as cancer-fighting foods. In fact, the ubiquitous 5 A Day message (now quietly changing to Fruits and Veggies: More Matters) seen in produce aisles, magazine ads, and schools was supported in part by the National Cancer Institute. The latest research, though, suggests that the biggest payoff from eating fruits and vegetables is for the heart.

Vegetables, Fruits, and Cardiovascular Disease

There is compelling evidence that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables can lower the risk of heart disease and stroke.
The largest and longest study to date, done as part of the Harvard-based Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study, included almost 110,000 men and women whose health and dietary habits were followed for 14 years. The higher the average daily intake of fruits and vegetables, the lower the chances of developing cardiovascular disease. Compared with those in the lowest category of fruit and vegetable intake (less than 1.5 servings a day), those who averaged 8 or more servings a day were 30 percent less likely to have had a heart attack or stroke. (2) Although all fruits and vegetables likely contribute to this benefit, green leafy vegetables such as lettuce, spinach, Swiss chard, and mustard greens; cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, bok choy, and kale; and citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, limes, and grapefruit (and their juices) make important contributions. (2)
When researchers combined findings from the Harvard studies with several other long-term studies in the U.S. and Europe, and looked at coronary heart disease and stroke separately, they found a similar protective effect: Individuals who ate more than 5 servings of fruits and vegetables per had roughly a 20 percent lower risk of coronary heart disease (3) and stroke, (4) compared with individuals who ate less than 3 servings per day.

Vegetables, Fruits, and Blood Pressure

Vegetables on a fork High blood pressure is a primary risk factor for heart disease and stroke. As such, it's a condition that is important to control. Diet can be a very effective tool for lowering blood pressure. One of the most convincing associations between diet and blood pressure was found in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) study. (5)
This trial examined the effect on blood pressure of a diet that was rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products and that restricted the amount of saturated and total fat. The researchers found that people with high blood pressure who followed this diet reduced their systolic blood pressure (the upper number of a blood pressure reading) by about 11 mm Hg and their diastolic blood pressure (the lower number) by almost 6 mm Hg—as much as medications can achieve.
More recently, a randomized trial known as the Optimal Macronutrient Intake Trial for Heart Health (OmniHeart) showed that this fruit and vegetable-rich diet lowered blood pressure even more when some of the carbohydrate was replaced with healthy unsaturated fat or protein. (6)

Vegetables, Fruits, and Cancer

Numerous early studies revealed what appeared to be a strong link between eating fruits and vegetables and protection against cancer. But because many of these were case-control studies, where people who already have a certain health outcome (cases) are compared to people who do not have that outcome (controls), it is possible that the results may have been skewed by problems inherent in these types of studies; people with illnesses, for example, often recall past behaviors differently from those without illness, which can lead to potential inaccuracy in the information that they provide to study investigators.
Cohort studies, which follow large groups of initially healthy individuals for years, generally provide more reliable information than case-control studies because they don't rely on information from the past. And data from cohort studies have not consistently shown that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables prevents cancer in general. For example, in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, over a 14-year period, men and women with the highest intake of fruits and vegetables (8+ servings a day) were just as likely to have developed cancer as those who ate the fewest daily servings (under 1.5). (2)
A more likely possibility is that some types of fruits and vegetables may protect against certain cancers. A massive report by the World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research suggests that non-starchy vegetables—such as lettuce and other leafy greens, broccoli, bok choy, cabbage, as well as garlic, onions, and the like—and fruits "probably" protect against several types of cancers, including those of the mouth, throat, voice box, esophagus, and stomach; fruit probably also protects against lung cancer. (7)
three tomatos Specific components of fruits and vegetables may also be protective against cancer. For example, a line of research stemming from a finding from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study suggests that tomatoes may help protect men against prostate cancer, especially aggressive forms of it. (8) One of the pigments that give tomatoes their red hue—lycopene—could be involved in this protective effect. Although several studies other than the Health Professionals study have also demonstrated a link between tomatoes or lycopene and prostate cancer, others have not or have found only a weak connection. (9) Taken as a whole, however, these studies suggest that increased consumption of tomato-based products (especially cooked tomato products) and other lycopene-containing foods may reduce the occurrence of prostate cancer. (7) Lycopene is one of several carotenoids (compounds that the body can turn into vitamin A) found in brightly colored fruits and vegetables, and research suggests that foods containing carotenoids may protect against lung, mouth, and throat cancer. (7) But more research is needed before we know the exact relationship between fruits and vegetables, carotenoids, and cancer.

Vegetables, Fruits, and Gastrointestinal Health

One of the wonderful components of fruits and vegetables is their indigestible fiber. As fiber passes through the digestive system, it sops up water like a sponge and expands. This can calm the irritable bowel and, by triggering regular bowel movements, can relieve or prevent constipation. (10) The bulking and softening action of insoluble fiber also decreases pressure inside the intestinal tract and so may help prevent diverticulosis (the development of tiny, easily irritated pouches inside the colon) and diverticulitis (the often painful inflammation of these pouches). (11)

Vegetables, Fruits, and Vision

variety of fruits Eating plenty of fruits and vegetables also keeps your eyes in good shape. You may have learned that the vitamin A in carrots aids night vision. Other fruits and vegetables help prevent two common aging-related eye diseases—cataract and macular degeneration—which afflict millions of Americans over age 65. Cataract is the gradual clouding of the eye's lens, a disk of protein that focuses light on the light-sensitive retina. Macular degeneration is caused by cumulative damage to the macula, the center of the retina. It starts as a blurred spot in the center of what you see. As the degeneration spreads, vision shrinks.
Free radicals generated by sunlight, cigarette smoke, air pollution, infection, and metabolism cause much of this damage. Dark green leafy vegetables—such as spinach and kale—contain two pigments, lutein and zeaxanthin, that accumulate in the eye; these pigments are found in other brightly colored fruits and vegetables as well, including corn, squash, kiwi, and grapes. (12) These two pigments appear to be able to snuff out free radicals before they can harm the eye's sensitive tissues. (13)
In general, a diet rich in fruits and vegetables appears to reduce the chances of developing cataract or macular degeneration. (14–17) Lutein and zeaxanthin, in particular, seem protective against cataract. (18)

The Bottom Line: Recommendations for Vegetable and Fruit Intake

Vegetables and fruits are clearly an important part of a good diet. Almost everyone can benefit from eating more of them, but variety is as important as quantity. No single fruit or vegetable provides all of the nutrients you need to be healthy. The key lies in the variety of different vegetables and fruits that you eat.
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Ruby chard
Get your leafy greens today—try Mollie Katzen's delicious spring recipe for ruby chard.
Try these tips to fit more fruits and vegetables into your day:
  • Keep fruit out where you can see it. That way you'll be more likely to eat it. Keep it out on the counter or in the front of the fridge.
  • Get some every meal, every day. Try filling half your plate with vegetables or fruit at each meal. Serving up salads, stir fry, or other fruit and vegetable-rich fare makes it easier to reach this goal. Bonus points if you can get some fruits and vegetables at snack time, too.
  • Explore the produce aisle and choose something new. Variety is the key to a healthy diet. Get out of a rut and try some new fruits and vegetables—include dark green leafy vegetables; yellow, orange, and red fruits and vegetables; cooked tomatoes; and citrus fruits.
  • Bag the potatoes. Choose other vegetables that are packed with more nutrients and more slowly digested carbs.
  • Make it a meal. Try some new recipes where vegetables take center stage, such as Tunisian carrot salad and spicy broccolini with red pepper.